JOINT FILING AGREEMENT
Published on February 14, 2000
EXHIBIT I
JOINT FILING AGREEMENT
Each of the undersigned hereby agrees that the Schedule 13G filed
herewith is filed jointly, pursuant to Rule 13d-1(f)(1) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended on behalf of each of them.
Dated: February 10, 2000
AXA Financial, Inc.
BY: /s/ Alvin H. Fenichel
-------------------------
Alvin H. Fenichel
Senior Vice President
and Controller
AXA Assurances I.A.R.D. Mutuelle; AXA Assurances Vie Mutuelle; AXA
Conseil Vie Assurance Mutuelle; AXA Courtage Assurance Mutuelle, as a
group, and AXA
Signed on behalf of each of the above entities
BY: /s/ Alvin H. Fenichel
Alvin H. Fenichel
Attorney-in-Fact
(Executed pursuant to Powers of Attorney)